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شریفی, پریسا, محمدخانی, نیر. پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک و فعالیت‌های آنتی اکسیدان در برگ پرچم و سنبله ژنوتیپهای گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تنش خشکی. فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی, 1396; 12(46): 15-30.
پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیک و فعالیت‌های آنتی اکسیدان در برگ پرچم و سنبله ژنوتیپهای گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تنش خشکی
مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
چکیده
این مطالعه بهمنظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی پس از گرده افشانی بر صفات زراعی و برخی از ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی برگ پرچم و سنبله ژنوتیپهای مختلف گندم به صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با دو عامل (آبیاری و ژنوتیپ گندم) و سه تکرار اجرا گردید. دو سطح فاکتور آبیاری شامل-شاهد (آبیاری در تمام مراحل رشدی بر اساس شرایط کشت آبی) و تنش خشکی (قطع آبیاری پس از گرده افشانی تا پایان دوره رشد) و سطوح ژنوتیپهای گندم را (SHARK و TEVEE'S'//CROW/VEE'S: حساس، Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 و Sabalan: نیمه متحمل، Sardari HR-86 و Dogu88/Ghafghaz 7: متحمل به خشکی) تشکیل دادند و صفات زراعی و فیزیولوژیکی اندازه گیری شدند. تنش خشکی باعث کاهش عملکرد دانه از طریق کاهش وزن هزار دانه شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به ژنوتیپ نیمه متحمل Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 و کمترین عملکرد مربوط به ژنوتیپ SHARK بود. نتایج تحقیق مشخص ساخت که در تیمارهای تحت تنش محتوای پروتئین محلول در برگ پرچم و سنبله نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. بیشترین و کمترین محتوا به ترتیب مربوط به ژنوتیپهای Sardari HR-86 و SHARK - و در سنبله بیشترین محتوای پروتئین محلول در ژنوتیپ Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 و کمترین آن مربوط به ژنوتیپ SHARK بود. بررسیها همچنین مشخص ساخت که فعالیت آنزیمهای پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز تحت تنش خشکی افزایش یافت. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم‌ها در برگ پرچم در ژنوتیپ متحملSardari HR-86 و در سنبله در ژنوتیپ نیمه متحملManning/Sdv1/Dogu8 در آخرین مرحله نمونه برداری مشاهده شد. همچنین ژنوتیپهای حساس کمترین فعالیت آنزیمی را نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده به نظر میرسد که در ژنوتیپ نیمه متحمل Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8، فعال شدن سیستم دفاعی آنزیمهای پراکسیداز وسوپراکسیددیسموتاز نقش موثری در افزایش تحمل به تنش خشکی داشته است.
Physiological responses and anti-oxidative activities in flag leaves and spicules of wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress
نویسندگان [English]
Parisa Sharifi؛ Nayer Mohammadkhani
Shahid Bakeri Higher Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]
This study was carried out for evaluation of the effects of drought stress after anthesis on agronomic characteristics and some physiological responses of flag leaves and spicules of different wheat genotypes using a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with two factors (irrigation and wheat genotypes) and three replicates. Two levels of irrigation involving control (full irrigated under water farming conditions) and drought stress (irrigation cut after anthesis until the end of growth period) as the first factor and different wheat genotypes (TEVEE'S'//CROW/VEE'S and Shark: drought sensitive, Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 and Sabalan: semi tolerant, Sardari HR-86 and Dogu88/Ghafghaz 7: tolerant to drought stress) as the second factor were considered and agronomic and physiological characters were measured. Drought stress decreased grain yield through decreasing 1000 grains weight. Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 semi tolerant genotype showed the highest and Shark genotype showed the lowest grain yields. Results showed that soluble protein content increased in flag leaves and spicules under stress compared to control. Sardari HR-86 and Shark genotypes showed the highest and lowest soluble protein content in flag leaves, respectively. The highest and lowest soluble protein contents in spicules were observed in Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 and Shark genotypes, respectively. The study also showed that peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes activities increased under drought. The highest enzyme activity was observed in flag leaves of Sardari HR-86 tolerant genotype and in spicules of Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 semi tolerant genotype in the last step of sampling. Also, sensitive genotypes showed the lowest enzyme activities. Based on the obtained results it seems that in Manning/Sdv1/Dogu8 semi tolerant genotype, activation defense system of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes had a key role in improving tolerance to drought stress.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Drought stress, Enzyme, Protein, tolerance, Wheat
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