مطالعه اکومورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه دارویی آنغوزه (Ferula assafoetida L.) در رویشگاه‌های جنوب‌غربی کشور

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران52

2 گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران

چکیده

آنغوزه (Ferula assafoetida L.) گیاه دارویی است که به‌دلیل وجود ترکیبات شیمیایی مختلف استفاده از آن از قدیم‌الایام در مناطق مختلفی از ایران معمول بوده است. هدف از این پژوهش معرفی این گیاه و شناخت ویژگی‌های اکولوژیک از قبیل موقعیت جغرافیایی، میزان پتاسیم، سدیم، فسفر، نیتروژن، اسیدیته و بافت رویشگاه آن و چگونگی توزیع تنوع گیاه از دیدگاه خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک میان سه جمعیت فاصله‌دار از استان‌های فارس، کهگیلویه و بویراحمد و خوزستان بود. به این منظور، گیاه آنغوزه و نمونه‌های خاک از زیستگاه‌های طبیعی هر سه استان جمع‌آوری و ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک مانند ارتفاع بوته، طول و عرض برگ، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک و  تر و صفات فیزیولوژیک شامل میزان کلروفیل، کربوهیدرات‌ها، پروتئین، فسفر، پتاسیم، سدیم اندام هوایی گیاه مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج نشان داد که رویشگاه خوزستان از لحاظ درصد رس، نیتروژن و فسفر دارای خاکی غنی نسبت به دو رویشگاه دیگر می‌باشد. همچنین نتایج بررسی‌های مورفولوژیک گیاه آنغوزه در این رویشگاه حاکی از بیشتر بودن میانگین صفات وزن تر و خشک، ارتفاع گیاه، طول و عرض برگ و قطر ساقه بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا در هر سه رویشگاه طول و عرض برگ، وزن خشک و تر و ارتفاع گیاه کاهش و قطر ساقه افزایش یافت. همچنین با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا، صفاتی مانند فسفر، سدیم گیاه کاهش و صفاتی مانند پتاسیم، کربوهیدرات، کلروفیل و پروتئین برگ افزایش یافت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecomorphological and physiological study of the medicinal plant Ferula assafoetida L. in southwestern Iran habitat

نویسندگان [English]

  • sima abyar 1
  • barat ali fakheri 2
  • nafiseh mahdi nezhad 2
1 Department of Horticulture and Landscape, School of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
2 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

Ferula assafoetida is considered as a medicinal plant that is used for the treatment of different diseases because of its different chemical compounds. The plant has been commonly used in various regions of Iran since the old times. The purpose of the present study was introducing this plant and identifying its ecological properties such as geographical location, soil pH, and potassium, sodium, phosphorus, and nitrogen contents as well as the texture of its habitat and the distribution of the variability of the plant in terms of morphological and physiological properties in three distant populations in Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, and Khuzestan. To this and, Ferula assafoetida plant and soil samples were collected from the natural habitats of the three provinces and the morphological features including the height of the plants, the length and width of the leaves, the diameter of the stems, the dried and fresh weights of the plants, and the physiological features including chlorophyll, carbohydrate, protein, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium contents of shoots were studied. Results showed that Khuzestan habitat was reicher than the other two habitats in terms of clay, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents of soil was more than the other two sites. Also, results of morphological study of the plants in this habitat showed higher average fresh weight, plant height, weight, length and width of leaf and stem diameter. Moreover, with an increase in the height from the sea level, the length, width, height and dried and wet weight of the plants decreased while the stem diameter increased. Furthermore, with an increase in the height from the sea level traits such as phosphorus and sodium contents decreased while potassium, carbohydrates, chlorophyll, and protein contents of leaves followed an increasing trend.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Altitudinal arena
  • Medical Plant
  • Morphological traits
  • Quantitative traits
  • Soil

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فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی
دوره 11، شماره 44
زمستان 1395
صفحه 55-56

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